The difference in sliders is due to Process Version—you can change this on the Camera tab along with the Camera Profile. Basically an old image shows whatever PV it was initially adjusted with while any completely new image will how the latest PV which is 2012. There is not a one-to-one correspondence between the old PV and the new PV sliders so that’s why things don’t automatically get changed, though you can change things, yourself, using the Camera tab.
As far as using Camera Raw as a filter on a layer in PS, that is only a PS-CC function. CS6 three years old and won’t get any new features, only new camera support, so to have the new features, you need to pay for the cloud. The cheapest option is the $10/month PS-CC+LR Photographers Bundle.